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    <meta property="og:description" content="《孙子兵法》全文 --- 01.始计 兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。 故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；法者，曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之">
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class="sidebar-link">13.用间</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/cn_classics/shijin.html" class="sidebar-link">《诗经》全文</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> <!----> <div class="content__sidebar-bottom"></div> <!----></aside> <main class="page"><nav class="breadcrumb disable"><!----></nav> <!----> <div class="content__page-top"></div> <div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Article" class="page-title"><h1><!----> <span property="headline">《孙子兵法》全文</span></h1> <div class="page-info"><!----> </div> <!----> <hr></div> <div class="anchor-place-holder"><aside id="anchor"><div class="anchor-wrapper"><ul class="anchor-list"><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_01-始计" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>01.始计</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_02-作战" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>02.作战</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_03-谋攻" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>03.谋攻</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_04-军形" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>04.军形</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_05-兵势" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>05.兵势</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_06-虚实" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>06.虚实</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_07-军争" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>07.军争</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_08-九变" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>08.九变</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_09-行军" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>09.行军</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_10-地形" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>10.地形</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_11-九地" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>11.九地</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_12-火攻" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>12.火攻</div></a></li><li class="anchor"><a href="/cn_classics/szbf.html#_13-用间" class="anchor-link heading2"><div>13.用间</div></a></li></ul></div></aside></div> <!----> <div class="content__content-top"></div> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="《孙子兵法》全文">《孙子兵法》全文</h1> <hr> <h2 id="_01-始计">01.始计</h2> <p>兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。</p> <p>故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；法者，曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。</p> <p>计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。势者，因利而制权也。兵者，诡道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之，攻其无备，出其不意。此兵家之胜，不可先传也。</p> <p>夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。</p> <h2 id="_02-作战">02.作战</h2> <p>凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。</p> <p>其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。</p> <p>善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，财竭则急于丘役。力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；萁杆一石，当吾二十石。故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。</p> <p>故兵贵胜，不贵久。</p> <p>故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。</p> <h2 id="_03-谋攻">03.谋攻</h2> <p>夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。</p> <p>是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法，为不得已。修橹轒辒，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。</p> <p>故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之，敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。</p> <p>夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。故君之所以患于军者三：不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军；不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣；不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣。三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。</p> <p>故知胜有五：知可以战与不可以战者胜，识众寡之用者胜，上下同欲者胜，以虞待不虞者胜，将能而君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。故曰：知己知彼，百战不贻；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必败。</p> <h2 id="_04-军形">04.军形</h2> <p>昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之必可胜。故曰：胜可知，而不可为。不可胜者，守也；可胜者，攻也。守则不足，攻则有余。善守者藏于九地之下，善攻者动于九天之上，故能自保而全胜也。见胜不过众人之所知，非善之善者也；战胜而天下曰善，非善之善者也。故举秋毫不为多力，见日月不为明目，闻雷霆不为聪耳。古之所谓善战者，胜于易胜者也。故善战者之胜也，无智名，无勇功，故其战胜不忒。不忒者，其所措胜，胜已败者也。故善战者，立于不败之地，而不失敌之败也。是故胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。善用兵者，修道而保法，故能为胜败之政。</p> <p>兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰数，四曰称，五曰胜。地生度，度生量，量生数，数生称，称生胜。故胜兵若以镒称铢，败兵若以铢称镒。</p> <p>称胜者之战民也，若决积水于千仞之溪者，形也。</p> <h2 id="_05-兵势">05.兵势</h2> <p>凡治众如治寡，分数是也；斗众如斗寡，形名是也；三军之众，可使必受敌而无败者，奇正是也；兵之所加，如以碫投卵者，虚实是也。</p> <p>凡战者，以正合，以奇胜。故善出奇者，无穷如天地，不竭如江海。终而复始，日月是也。死而更生，四时是也。声不过五，五声之变，不可胜听也；色不过五，五色之变，不可胜观也；味不过五，五味之变，不可胜尝也；战势不过奇正，奇正之变，不可胜穷也。奇正相生，如循环之无端，孰能穷之哉！</p> <p>激水之疾，至于漂石者，势也；鸷鸟之疾，至于毁折者，节也。故善战者，其势险，其节短。势如扩弩，节如发机。纷纷纭纭，斗乱而不可乱；浑浑沌沌，形圆而不可败。乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。治乱，数也；勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。</p> <p>故善动敌者，形之，敌必从之；予之，敌必取之。以利动之，以卒待之。故善战者，求之于势，不责于人故能择人而任势。任势者，其战人也，如转木石。木石之性，安则静，危则动，方则止，圆则行。</p> <p>故善战人之势，如转圆石于千仞之山者，势也。</p> <h2 id="_06-虚实">06.虚实</h2> <p>凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。故善战者，致人而不致于人。能使敌人自至者，利之也；能使敌人不得至者，害之也。故敌佚能劳之，饱能饥之，安能动之。出其所必趋，趋其所不意。</p> <p>行千里而不劳者，行于无人之地也；攻而必取者，攻其所不守也。守而必固者，守其所必攻也。故善攻者，敌不知其所守；善守者，敌不知其所攻。微乎微乎，至于无形；神乎神乎，至于无声，故能为敌之司命。进而不可御者，冲其虚也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。故我欲战，敌虽高垒深沟，不得不与我战者，攻其所必救也；我不欲战，虽画地而守之，敌不得与我战者，乖其所之也。故形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也。则我众敌寡，能以众击寡者，则吾之所与战者约矣。吾所与战之地不可知，不可知则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则吾所与战者寡矣。故备前则后寡，备后则前寡，备左则右寡，备右则左寡，无所不备，则无所不寡。寡者，备人者也；众者，使人备己者也。故知战之地，知战之日，则可千里而会战；不知战之地，不知战日，则左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而况远者数十里，近者数里乎！</p> <p>以吾度之，越人之兵虽多，亦奚益于胜哉！</p> <p>故曰：胜可为也。敌虽众，可使无斗。故策之而知得失之计，候之而知动静之理，形之而知死生之地，角之而知有余不足之处。故形兵之极，至于无形。无形则深间不能窥，智者不能谋。因形而措胜于众，众不能知。人皆知我所以胜之形，而莫知吾所以制胜之形。故其战胜不复，而应形于无穷。</p> <p>夫兵形象水，水之行避高而趋下，兵之形避实而击虚；水因地而制流，兵因敌而制胜。故兵无常势，水无常形。能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。故五行无常胜，四时无常位，日有短长，月有死生。</p> <h2 id="_07-军争">07.军争</h2> <p>凡用兵之法，将受命于君，合军聚众，交和而舍，莫难于军争。军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。</p> <p>故迂其途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。军争为利，军争为危。举军而争利则不及，委军而争利则辎重捐。是故卷甲而趋，日夜不处，倍道兼行，百里而争利，则擒三将军，劲者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；五十里而争利，则蹶上将军，其法半至；三十里而争利，则三分之二至。是故军无辎重则亡，无粮食则亡，无委积则亡。故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；不用乡导者，不能得地利。故兵以诈立，以利动，以分和为变者也。故其疾如风，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不动如山，难知如阴，动如雷震。掠乡分众，廓地分利，悬权而动。先知迂直之计者胜，此军争之法也。</p> <p>《军政》曰：“言不相闻，故为之金鼓；视不相见，故为之旌旗。”夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一民之耳目也。民既专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独退，此用众之法也。故夜战多金鼓，昼战多旌旗，所以变人之耳目也。</p> <p>三军可夺气，将军可夺心。是故朝气锐，昼气惰，暮气归。善用兵者，避其锐气，击其惰归，此治气者也。以治待乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待饥，此治力者也。无邀正正之旗，无击堂堂之陈，此治变者也。</p> <p>故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背丘勿逆，佯北勿从，锐卒勿攻，饵兵勿食，归师勿遏，围师遗阙，穷寇勿迫，此用兵之法也。</p> <h2 id="_08-九变">08.九变</h2> <p>凡用兵之法，将受命于君，合军聚合。泛地无舍，衢地合交，绝地无留，围地则谋，死地则战，途有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争，君命有所不受。</p> <p>故将通于九变之利者，知用兵矣；将不通九变之利，虽知地形，不能得地之利矣；治兵不知九变之术，虽知五利，不能得人之用矣。</p> <p>是故智者之虑，必杂于利害，杂于利而务可信也，杂于害而患可解也。是故屈诸侯者以害，役诸侯者以业，趋诸侯者以利。故用兵之法，无恃其不来，恃吾有以待之；无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也。</p> <p>故将有五危，必死可杀，必生可虏，忿速可侮，廉洁可辱，爱民可烦。凡此五者，将之过也，用兵之灾也。覆军杀将，必以五危，不可不察也。</p> <h2 id="_09-行军">09.行军</h2> <p>凡处军相敌，绝山依谷，视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。绝水必远水，客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半渡而击之利，欲战者，无附于水而迎客，视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。绝斥泽，唯亟去无留，若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，养生而处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜。丘陵堤防，必处其阳而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、蘙荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所处也。</p> <p>敌近而静者，恃其险也；远而挑战者，欲人之进也；其所居易者，利也；众树动者，来也；众草多障者，疑也；鸟起者，伏也；兽骇者，覆也；尘高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条达者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也；辞卑而备者，进也；辞强而进驱者，退也；轻车先出居其侧者，陈也；无约而请和者，谋也；奔走而陈兵者，期也；半进半退者，诱也；杖而立者，饥也；汲而先饮者，渴也；见利而不进者，劳也；鸟集者，虚也；夜呼者，恐也；军扰者，将不重也；旌旗动者，乱也；吏怒者，倦也；杀马肉食者，军无粮也；悬甀不返其舍者，穷寇也；谆谆𧬈𧬈，徐与人言者，失众也；数赏者，窘也；数罚者，困也；先暴而后畏其众者，不精之至也；来委谢者，欲休息也。兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。</p> <p>兵非贵益多也，惟无武进，足以并力料敌取人而已。夫惟无虑而易敌者，必擒于人。卒未亲而罚之，则不服，不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行，则不可用。故合之以文，齐之以武，是谓必取。令素行以教其民，则民服；令素不行以教其民，则民不服。令素行者，与众相得也。</p> <h2 id="_10-地形">10.地形</h2> <p>地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。我可以往，彼可以来，曰通。通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。可以往，难以返，曰挂。挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之，敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也，引而去之，令敌半出而击之利。隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌。若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。远形者，势均难以挑战，战而不利。凡此六者，地之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。</p> <p>凡兵有走者、有驰者、有陷者、有崩者、有乱者、有北者。凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。夫势均，以一击十，曰走；卒强吏弱，曰驰；吏强卒弱，曰陷；大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。凡此六者，败之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。</p> <p>夫地形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险隘远近，上将之道也。知此而用战者必胜，不知此而用战者必败。故战道必胜，主曰无战，必战可也；战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。</p> <p>视卒如婴儿，故可以与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬若骄子，不可用也。</p> <p>知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。</p> <h2 id="_11-九地">11.九地</h2> <p>用兵之法，有散地，有轻地，有争地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有泛地，有围地，有死地。诸侯自战其地者，为散地；入人之地不深者，为轻地；我得亦利，彼得亦利者，为争地；我可以往，彼可以来者，为交地；诸侯之地三属，先至而得天下众者，为衢地；入人之地深，背城邑多者，为重地；山林、险阻、沮泽，凡难行之道者，为泛地；所由入者隘，所从归者迂，彼寡可以击吾之众者，为围地；疾战则存，不疾战则亡者，为死地。是故散地则无战，轻地则无止，争地则无攻，交地则无绝，衢地则合交，重地则掠，泛地则行，围地则谋，死地则战。</p> <p>古之善用兵者，能使敌人前后不相及，众寡不相恃，贵贱不相救，上下不相收，卒离而不集，兵合而不齐。合于利而动，不合于利而止。敢问敌众而整将来，待之若何曰：先夺其所爱则听矣。兵之情主速，乘人之不及。由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。</p> <p>凡为客之道，深入则专。主人不克，掠于饶野，三军足食。谨养而勿劳，并气积力，运兵计谋，为不可测。</p> <p>投之无所往，死且不北。死焉不得，士人尽力。兵士甚陷则不惧，无所往则固，深入则拘，不得已则斗。是故其兵不修而戒，不求而得，不约而亲，不令而信，禁祥去疑，至死无所之。</p> <p>吾士无余财，非恶货也；无余命，非恶寿也。令发之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃卧者涕交颐，投之无所往，诸、刿之勇也。故善用兵者，譬如率然。率然者，常山之蛇也。击其首则尾至，击其尾则首至，击其中则首尾俱至。敢问兵可使如率然乎？曰可。夫吴人与越人相恶也，当其同舟而济而遇风，其相救也如左右手。是故方马埋轮，未足恃也；齐勇如一，政之道也；刚柔皆得，地之理也。故善用兵者，携手若使一人，不得已也。</p> <p>将军之事，静以幽，正以治，能愚士卒之耳目，使之无知；易其事，革其谋，使人无识；易其居，迂其途，使民不得虑。帅与之期，如登高而去其梯；帅与之深入诸侯之地，而发其机。若驱群羊，驱而往，驱而来，莫知所之。聚三军之众，投之于险，此谓将军之事也。</p> <p>九地之变，屈伸之力，人情之理，不可不察也。</p> <p>凡为客之道，深则专，浅则散。去国越境而师者，绝地也；四彻者，衢地也；入深者，重地也；入浅者，轻地也；背固前隘者，围地也；无所往者，死地也。</p> <p>是故散地吾将一其志，轻地吾将使之属，争地吾将趋其后，交地吾将谨其守，交地吾将固其结，衢地吾将谨其恃，重地吾将继其食，泛地吾将进其途，围地吾将塞其阙，死地吾将示之以不活。</p> <p>故兵之情：围则御，不得已则斗，过则从。</p> <p>是故不知诸侯之谋者，不能预交；不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；不用乡导，不能得地利。四五者，一不知，非霸王之兵也。夫霸王之兵，伐大国，则其众不得聚；威加于敌，则其交不得合。是故不争天下之交，不养天下之权，信己之私，威加于敌，则其城可拔，其国可隳。</p> <p>施无法之赏，悬无政之令。犯三军之众，若使一人。犯之以事，勿告以言；犯之以害，勿告以利。投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生。夫众陷于害，然后能为胜败。</p> <p>故为兵之事，在顺详敌之意，并敌一向，千里杀将，是谓巧能成事。是故政举之日，夷关折符，无通其使，厉于廊庙之上，以诛其事。敌人开阖，必亟入之，先其所爱，微与之期，践墨随敌，以决战事。是故始如处女，敌人开户；后如脱兔，敌不及拒。</p> <h2 id="_12-火攻">12.火攻</h2> <p>凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火积，三曰火辎，四曰火库，五曰火队。</p> <p>行火必有因，因必素具。发火有时，起火有日。时者，天之燥也。日者，月在箕、壁、翼、轸也。凡此四宿者，风起之日也。凡火攻，必因五火之变而应之：火发于内，则早应之于外；火发而其兵静者，待而勿攻，极其火力，可从而从之，不可从则上。火可发于外，无待于内，以时发之，火发上风，无攻下风，昼风久，夜风止。凡军必知五火之变，以数守之。</p> <p>故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者强。水可以绝，不可以夺。</p> <p>夫战胜攻取而不惰其功者凶，命曰“费留”。故曰：明主虑之，良将惰之，非利不动，非得不用，非危不战。主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而攻战。合于利而动，不合于利而上。怒可以复喜，愠可以复说，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明主慎之，良将警之。此安国全军之道也。</p> <h2 id="_13-用间">13.用间</h2> <p>凡兴师十万，出征千里，百姓之费，公家之奉，日费千金，内外骚动，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十万家。相守数年，以争一日之胜，而爱爵禄百金，不知敌之情者，不仁之至也，非民之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之主也。故明君贤将所以动而胜人，成功出于众者，先知也。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也。</p> <p>故用间有五：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间。五间俱起，莫知其道，是谓神纪，人君之宝也。乡间者，因其乡人而用之；内间者，因其官人而用之；反间者，因其敌间而用之；死间者，为诳事于外，令吾闻知之而传于敌间也；生间者，反报也。故三军之事，莫亲于间，赏莫厚于间，事莫密于间，非圣贤不能用间，非仁义不能使间，非微妙不能得间之实。微哉微哉！无所不用间也。间事未发而先闻者，间与所告者兼死。凡军之所欲击，城之所欲攻，人之所欲杀，必先知其守将、左右、谒者、门者、舍人之姓名，令吾间必索知之。敌间之来间我者，因而利之，导而舍之，故反间可得而用也；因是而知之，故乡间、内间可得而使也；因是而知之，故死间为诳事，可使告敌；因是而知之，故生间可使如期。五间之事，主必知之，知之必在于反间，故反间不可不厚也。</p> <p>昔殷之兴也，伊挚在夏；周之兴也，吕牙在殷。故明君贤将，能以上智为间者，必成大功。此兵之要，三军之所恃而动也。</p></div> <!----> <div class="content__content-bottom"></div> <footer class="page-meta"><!----> <!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/cn_classics/lunyu.html" class="prev"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon prev-icon"><path d="M906.783 588.79c-.02 8.499-6.882 15.36-15.38 15.37l-443.7-.01 75.704 191.682c2.52 6.42.482 13.763-5.038 17.91-5.52 4.168-13.138 4.147-18.616-.092L123.228 524.175a15.362 15.362 0 0 1-6-12.165c0-4.782 2.222-9.277 6-12.185L499.753 210.35a15.388 15.388 0 0 1 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